Design Process Overview CHƯƠNG 4: THIẾT KẾ KỸ THUẬT Design Process Overview

Talk to students about how they use a sense of design every day Talk to students about how they use a sense of design every day. The process for getting ready for school is a good example. What is Design? “Design” là thuật ngữ chỉ quá trình sang tạo có ý thức của con người. Design cũng là quá trình giải quyết vấn đề mang tính hệ thống (systematically solve problems).

What is a Design Process? Tell students: “This a primary focus of this course. You will learn what a design process is and apply it to several activities projects and problems”. What is a Design Process? A design process is a systematic problem-solving strategy, with criteria and constraints, used to develop many possible solutions to solve or satisfy human needs or wants and to narrow down the possible solutions to one final choice.

ABET (Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology) What is a Design Process? ABET (Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology)

Đặc điểm của QT thiết kế Mang tính sáng tạo; Có tính mở; Phương pháp luận, lý thuyết hiện đại; Xác định rõ vấn đề và các yêu cầu; Đưa ra được nhiều giải pháp để lựa chọn; Xem xét tính khả thi; Cụ thể quá trình sản xuất; Đầy đủ thiết kế kỹ thuật; Mô tả đầy đủ.

Quá trình thiết kế Mô hình 6 bước Nhiều quan điểm về quá trình thiết kế, phụ thuộc vào đặc điểm đối tượng, lĩnh vực, … Mô hình 6 bước

Mô hình 9 bước – Engineering Drawing and Design (3rd edition) Identify the need Define the criteria Explore/research/investigate Generate alternate solutions Choose a solution Develop the solution Model/prototype Test and evaluate Redesign and improve – Engineering Drawing and Design (3rd edition)

Mô hình 12 bước Define a Problem Brainstorm There are many design processes that guide professionals in developing solutions to problems. The example that you see here is the design process that we will use for this course and the rest of the Project Lead The Way, Inc. courses you will take. Mô hình 12 bước Define a Problem Brainstorm Research and Generate Ideas Identify Criteria and Specify Constraints Explore Possibilities Select an Approach Develop a Design Proposal Make a Model or Prototype Test and Evaluate the Design using Specifications Refine the Design Create or Make Solution Communicate Processes and Results

There are many design processes that guide professionals in developing solutions to problems. The example that you see here is the design process that we will use for this course and the rest of the Project Lead The Way, Inc. courses you will take. Mô hình 10 bước

The Design Process The design process is achieve by following 10 stages. 1-Identify the problem/product innovation 2-Define the working criteria/goals 3-Research and gather data 4-Brainstorm / generate creative ideas 5-Analyze potential solutions

The Design Process 6-Develop and test models 7-Make the decision continue 6-Develop and test models 7-Make the decision 8-Communication and specify 9-Implement and commercialize 10-Perform post-implementation review and assessment

The Design Process

Stage -1: Identifying the problem/product innovation Engineers are problem solver: the problems are often identified as the specific needs and problems of customers Identify problems: Cần cái gì (What)? Ai cần (Who)? Tại sao cần (Why)?

Stage -1: Identifying the problem/product innovation Thảo luận nhóm: Identify problems: Cần cái gì (What)? Ai cần (Who)? Tại sao cần (Why)?

Stage 2: Define the working criteria and goals How much will it cost? Will it be difficult to produce? What will be the size, weight, strength? What will it look like? Will it be easy to use? Are there legal concerns? Will it be reliable?

Stage 2: Define the working criteria and goals Continue Will it meet the EPA standard? Is this what the customer truly wanted? Will our customers want to purchase it? Will customers want to purchase this version instead of a competitor’s product? Is it feasible for our customer to buy it?

Ví dụ xác định các tiêu chí Continue

Stage 3: Research and gather data What information has been published about the problem? Is there a solution to the problem that already may be available? If the answer to the above is yes, who is producing it? What are the advantages of their solution? What are the disadvantages to their solution?

Stage 3: Research and gather data Continue What is the cost? Is cost significant issue? What is the ratio of time compared to overall cost? Are there legal issues to consider? Are there environmental concerns which must be considered?

Stage 3: Research and gather data Continue Information can be obtained Libraries Professional Society Journal, publications and newsletter Newspapers and magazines Market assessment surveys

Stage 3: Research and gather data Continue Government publications Patent searches and listings Technical salespersons and their references catalogs Professional experts including researchers, professors and other scientists The competition’s product (how they designed it? Disassemble their product and study it

Stage 4: Brainstorm – Động não Creative problem solving is a major method of generating multiple ideas to a problem by a technique called brainstorming No preliminary judgments are made about any member’s idea, and no negative comments are allowed The goal here is to list as many ideas as possible

Stage 4: Brainstorm – Động não

Stage 4: Phương pháp FRDPARRC Lập bảng: FR: Function Requirements; DP: Design Parameters; A: Analysis; R: References; R: Risk; C: Countermeasures.

Stage 5: Analyze potential solutions Computer analysis technique Analysis of compatibility Consistency of testing Estimation Economic analysis Common sense Analysis using basic engineering principles and laws

Stage 6: Develop and test models (prototype) Mathematical models Computer models Scale model Diagrams or graphs Durability Ease assembly Reliability Strength Environmental Quality consistency Safety

Stage 7: Make the decision Point Available #1 #2 Cost 20 17 15 Production Difficulty 15 8 12 Size, weight, strength 5 5 4 Appearance 10 7 8 Convenient to use 5 3 3 Safety 10 7 8 Legal issues 5 4 3 Reliability/Durability 15 9 11 Recyclability 5 4 2 Customer Appeal 10 8 9 Total 100 63 72

Stage 8:Communication and specify Communicate data and design for each specific solution and get input

Stage 9:Implement and commercialize Implement the best solution Apply methods of business to for profit

Stage 10:Perform post-implementation review and assessment Check if the final product is giving you what you actually wanted from feasibility and if the consumer like it, etc.

Thảo luận nhóm – Các bước quá trình thiết kế Mỗi nhóm hãy: Thực hiện Bước 1 của quá trình thiết kế: Đề xuất một vấn đề cần giải quyết (thiết kế); Xác định mục tiêu, tiêu chí đánh giá sản phẩm đề xuất; Lập bảng FRDPARRC. Thời gian thảo luận: 10 phút.

Bài tập về nhà Mỗi nhóm hãy tìm hiểu các công cụ phần mềm thiết kế các hệ thống cơ khí, cơ điện tử, nhiệt-năng lượng, ô tô ứng dụng phổ biến hiện nay – Tuần sau báo cáo; Đọc Chương 9 sách Nhập môn KT; Đọc Phần 1 sách How to win friends & influence people; Tuần tới thi giữa kỳ (01 tiết).